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专注于欺诈和资产追踪: 开曼群岛上诉法院维持大法院关于豁免有限合伙衍生诉讼决定 Focus on fraud and asset tracing: Cayman Islands Court of Appeal upholds Grand Court's decision on exempted limited partnerships derivative claims (Simplified Chinese)

Insight

02 February 2023

Cayman Islands, Hong Kong

2023 年 1 月 20 日,开曼群岛上诉法院就科威特港务局及其他公司 - 诉 - Port Link GP Ltd 及其他公司一案作出判决。

上诉的实质问题涉及有限合伙人根据《豁免有限合伙法》第 33(3) 条代表开曼群岛豁免有限合伙提出衍生诉讼的测试:

「如果任何一名或多名有权提起诉讼的普通合伙人无故未能或拒绝提起诉讼,则有限合伙人可以代表豁免有限合伙提起诉讼。」

开曼群岛上诉法院 (CICA) 维持开曼群岛大法院 Parker J 于 2021 年 11 月 25 日作出的一审判决。此外,CICA 确认《豁免有限合伙法》(ELPA) 第 33(3)条被视为独立的法定测试,只需满足此法定测试即可。有限合伙人提出衍生诉讼不需要满足其他衍生诉讼的普通法测试,例如适用于公司或信托的测试。

然而,CICA 认为:「『无故』一词必须带有『正当』原因的含义。立法机关不可能有意为任何原因做出决定,无论决策者多么受抑制或有利益冲突,都足以防止衍生诉讼。」

尽管 CICA 做出了决定,但有人指出,在决定普通合伙人是否「无故、失败或拒绝提起诉讼」时,有限合伙人和/或法院「可能会从考虑特殊情况(如确定在信托和英国有限合伙企业的情况下)是否存在获得协助」。然而,这只是一个可能有助于满足法定「无『正当』理由」测试的考虑因素。

除上述外,由于这是 CICA 审理的第一宗涉及第 33(3) 条的案件,法院表达了以下适用原则,这可能对开曼群岛的基金从业者和诉讼人有帮助:

  • 没有要求有限合伙人在发出索赔之前,寻求许可根据第 33(3) 条提起衍生诉讼,或在发出索赔后寻求许可继续该索赔。
  • 如果被告希望就有限合伙人提起衍生诉讼的资格提出问题,则该被告应进行剔除申请或寻求对初步问题进行审判。
  • 有限合伙人有责任使法院确信第 33(3) 条的要求已得到满足。
  • 普通合伙人是否「未能或拒绝」提起诉讼的问题应在审理剔除申请或初步问题时评定,而不是在提起诉讼时评定。因此,在法院考虑法定测试是否满足时,应考虑在提起诉讼之后和在第 33(3) 条问题的聆讯之前的行动。
  • 有限合伙人必须就其所依赖的事实和事项作诉,以证明有限合伙人满足第 33(3) 条的规定(换句话说,合伙有申索,而普通合伙人 在没有正当理由的情况下未能或拒绝提出),因为这构成了其诉讼因由的重要组成部分。
  • 没有先决条件需要有限合伙人在根据第 33(3) 条提请衍生诉讼之前要求普通合伙人提出申索。鉴于第 33(3) 节的措辞,它「未能」这样做就足够了。
  • 即使满足第 33(3) 条的要求,法院仍保留阻止衍生诉讼继续进行的酌情权。其中一种情况可能是原告有足够的替代补救措施。

奥杰与伦敦贝克·麦坚时律师事务所的团队一起在此案中代表成功的原告。David Allison KC 被委托在一审和上诉代表原告。

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This client briefing has been prepared for clients and professional associates of Ogier. The information and expressions of opinion which it contains are not intended to be a comprehensive study or to provide legal advice and should not be treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations.

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