Please ensure Javascript is enabled for purposes of website accessibility
Skip to main content

Expertise

Services

We have the expertise to handle the most demanding transactions. Our commercial understanding and experience of working with leading financial institutions, professional advisers and regulatory bodies means we add real value to clients’ businesses.

View all Services

Employment and Immigration

Intellectual Property

Listing Services

Restructuring and Insolvency

Business Services Team

Executive Team

German Desk

French desk

Consulting

View all Consulting

Business Services Team

View all Business Services Team

Sectors

Our sector approach relies on smart collaboration between teams who have a deep understanding of related businesses and industry dynamics. The specific combination of our highly informed experts helps our clients to see around corners.

View all Sectors

BVI Law in Europe and Asia

Energy and Natural Resources

Family Office

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

Funds Hub

Private Equity

Real Estate

Regulatory, Investigations and Enforcement

Restructuring and Insolvency

Structured Finance

Sustainable Investing and ESG

Technology and Web3

Trusts Advisory Group

Locations

Ogier provides practical advice on BVI, Cayman Islands, Guernsey, Irish, Jersey and Luxembourg law through our global network of offices across the Asian, Caribbean and European timezones. Ogier is the only firm to advise on this unique combination of laws.

News and insights

Keep up to date with industry insights, analysis and reviews. Find out about the work of our expert teams and subscribe to receive our newsletters straight to your inbox.

Fresh thinking, sharper opinion.

About us

We get straight to the point, managing complexity to get to the essentials. Our global network of offices covers every time zone. 

开曼法院可否更换作为豁免有限合伙清盘人的普通合伙人?

Insight

22 八月 2025

Cayman Islands, Hong Kong

1 min read

开曼群岛上诉法院给出的答案是:可以。

在近期审理的One Thousand & One Voices Africa Fund I Investors, LtdAfrica Investments, LLC [2025] CICA (Civ) 9 一 案判决中,开曼群岛上诉法院确认:根据《豁免有限合伙法》(the Exempted Limited Partnership Act,以下简称《ELP法》)第36条,若有限合伙协议(the limited partnership agreement,以下简称LPA)未就有限合伙人(limited partner,以下简称LP)撤换清盘人之权利作出约定,开曼法院有权将担任清盘人的普通合伙人(general partner,以下简称GP)更换为独立清盘人。

相关法律依据:《ELP法》第36条

《ELP法》第36条规定了豁免有限合伙(以下简称ELP)的清盘及解散程序,并将《公司法(修订版)》(以下简称《公司法》)第五部分的部分清盘条款适用于ELP的清盘程序。

该条规定:

  • ELP的自愿清盘须按照LPA的规定进行(《ELP法》第36(1)条)
  • 法院可就ELP的清盘及解散作出其认为“公正且衡平”的命令及指示(《ELP法》第36(3)(g)条)
  • ELP的事务应由LPA委任的GP负责清盘,除非法院应任何合伙人、债权人或清盘人的申请,依据第36(3)(g)条另行作出命令(《ELP法》第36(13)条)

Africa Fund诉讼一案中的适用

2023年11月22日,One Thousand & One Voices Africa Fund I, L.P.(以下简称该合伙)的多数LP通过决议,决定对该合伙进行清盘。根据LPA约定,One Thousand & One Voices Africa Fund I Investors, Ltd(该合伙的GP)获委任为自愿清盘人。

2024年1月25日,Africa Investments LLC(以下简称呈请人)提交呈请,请求撤换担任该合伙自愿清盘人的GP,并委任独立清盘人。该呈请获得持有ELP约97%权益的LP支持。LPA并未包含任何允许LP撤换担任自愿清盘人之GP的条款,呈请人遂依据《ELP法》第13(3)(g)条及第13(13)条主张撤换。

GP反对相关撤换命令,并主张法院无权作出呈请所寻求的命令,理由包括:

  • 所体现的各方商业约定具有优先效力,因LPA未授予撤换GP的权力,法院即无相应管辖权
  • 《ELP法》第36(13)条不适用于ELP的自愿清盘,即便适用,也仅用于填补规则空白
  • 《ELP法》第36(13)条未明文规定撤换权,故仅在无自愿清盘人任职时方可适用

一审中,Kawaley法官驳回了GP就管辖权提出的异议,并委任了独立清盘人。GP随即向开曼群岛上诉法院(以下简称CICA)提起上诉。

CICA判决

CICA基于以下理由驳回GP的上诉:

  • 第36条仅为适用起点:尽管《ELP法》第36(1)条规定ELP的自愿清盘应依LPA约定进行,但该规则仅为起点,且存在例外情形
  • 《ELP法》适用无争议:《ELP法》第36(3)(g)条及第36(13)条适用于自愿清盘程序并无疑问。若第36(13)条不适用于自愿清盘,则该条文将无任何适用场景,因为强制清盘中的清盘人人选属于法院依据《公司法》行使自由裁量权的范畴
  • 一般权力优先适用:尽管《公司法》中有关自愿清盘的条文对ELP适用范围有限,但相关条文已被第36条所载的一般权力所取代
  • 更换权力的存在:即便第36(13)条未明文规定撤换权,但其明确包含更换权,且从文义上看该权力并无限制,无论是否已有清盘人在职均可适用

据此,CICA驳回上诉,认定一审法官有权依据《ELP法》第36(3)(g)条及第36(13)条,更换担任清盘人的GP。

尽管CICA未予论述,法院将于何时、在何种情形下愿意行使自由裁量权撤换担任清盘人的GP,仍有待进一步观察。正如Kawaley法官在Africa Fund诉讼案另一项先期判决中所认定,在绝大多数LP支持撤换GP的情形下,行使该项权力尤为适当。

近期案例参考:Sensegain一案

奥杰近期在Re Sensegain Vorak Investment L.P.(自愿清盘中)[2025] CIGC (FSD) 51一案中代表呈请人,以与Africa Fund诉讼案相同的法律基础提交清盘呈请。

该案GP主张,LPA中的仲裁条款意味着呈请所涉核心事项应根据《外国仲裁裁决执行法》(the Foreign Arbitral Awards Enforcement Act,以下简称FAAEA)第4条,并参照FamilyMart China Holdings Co Ltd诉Ting Chuan (Cayman) Holding Corporation [2023] UKPC 33一案所确立的原则提交仲裁。有关该等原则的更多内容,敬请参阅我们的文章:《枢密院就清盘呈请的可仲裁性作出里程碑式判决》。

Sensegain案呈请人则主张,在绝大多数无关联经济利益相关方均支持呈请,且相关事实均无争议的情形下,并不存在须提交仲裁的“争议事项”。庭审中,经呈请人陈词,该案GP最终同意呈请所寻求的救济。

值得注意的是,GP承认,鉴于呈请的审慎草拟,FAAEA并不适用。法院遂以不存在实质性争议为由,驳回中止仲裁程序的申请。法院同时指出,GP已承认“多数LP的意见具有合理依据,不能被认定为非理性”,该让步显然是法院行使自由裁量权作出相关命令的重要考量因素。

法院是否会中止呈请程序高度取决于个案事实。但本案判决提供了有益参考:即便存在仲裁条款,清盘呈请所涉争议仍可依据以下两点被排除在FAAEA适用范围之外:

  • FamilyMart一案中对可仲裁与不可仲裁事项的有效区分
  • 可仲裁事项须具备实质性

结论

尽管仍存在上述待明确问题,CICA在Africa Fund一案中的判决对基金经理、投资人以及破产执业人士均具有重要参考意义。该判决明确:若相关LPA未规定撤换及更换担任清盘人之GP的程序,法院在适当情形下仍保留作出该等命令的权力。 

奥杰可以提供的支持

奥杰在我们所执业的各司法辖区均设有规模领先的争议解决团队,能够就各种商事争议与纠纷中的专业技术、诉讼策略及程序事项提供全面法律咨询服务。

我们的重组与破产专家凭借专业知识与实务经验,为各类跨境项目提供务实可行的法律意见。

如需就《ELP法》下LP与GP的权利、以及法院依据该法所享有的权力获取深度分析或定制化法律建议,敬请联系我们的争议解决团队。

About Ogier

Ogier is a professional services firm with the knowledge and expertise to handle the most demanding and complex transactions and provide expert, efficient and cost-effective services to all our clients. We regularly win awards for the quality of our client service, our work and our people.

Disclaimer

This client briefing has been prepared for clients and professional associates of Ogier. The information and expressions of opinion which it contains are not intended to be a comprehensive study or to provide legal advice and should not be treated as a substitute for specific advice concerning individual situations.

Regulatory information can be found under Legal Notice